Test offers fast insight into chicken immunity

A method to quickly, accurately evaluate disease response in chickens has been developed by scientists.
Samples from hundreds of chickens can be tested simultaneously using the cost-effective approach, developed by researchers at the Roslin Institute and the poultry breeding company Aviagen, to determine individual birds’ likely response to common poultry infections.
The system, based on blood immune cells tests, could help poultry breeders to breed for disease resistance and help manage disease for producers of the world’s most popular meat.
Researchers say their method could be applied to aid research into animals’ responses to a range of immune challenges.
Researchers developed their method using polymerase chain reaction – an established tool that replicates samples of DNA to create sufficient material for testing. Samples exposed to microbes were replicated to determine their response.
Scientists used the approach to examine the behaviour of 89 genes that have previously been shown to be linked to chickens’ immune response to viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.
They tested whether exposure to microbes normally present on farms would trigger an increase or decrease in the genes’ activity, in order to fight infection.
Researchers tested immune cells from blood samples from chickens living on farms and from birds raised in facilities designed to be free of disease.
The results showed that chickens in farm settings, which were exposed to more potentially harmful microbes, had higher expression levels of immune genes available for protein production.
This outcome indicated that the genes selected together with the method are useful for highlighting the immune response.
Insights into birds’ likely response to disease could enable healthier, more productive flocks. The study was published in PLOS ONE, a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It was supported by Aviagen and the European Union Horizon 2020 programme.
“This method offers a route to gathering information on breeding stock which will be useful to farmers and industry,” Dominika Borowska, of the Roslin Institute. “The results could be combined with other data, such as animals’ weight, to allow informed breeding decisions.”